Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar’s life and work remain a powerful testament to the struggle for social justice in India. While his experiences with the caste system deeply shaped his perspective, a closer look reveals a complex figure whose legacy can inspire unity and collaboration in the ongoing pursuit of equality.
Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, born on April 14, 1891, in Mhow (now Dr. Ambedkar Nagar), Madhya Pradesh, experienced a childhood marked by the social stigma of the Mahar caste, considered “untouchable” at the time.
Childhood and Surname
Born as Bhimrao Ramji Sakpal, his family hailed from Ambadawe town in Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra.
His father, Ramji Maloji Sakpal, was a Subedar in the British Indian Army.
Bhimrao faced severe discrimination in school due to his caste. He and other “untouchable” children were segregated, not allowed to sit inside the classroom, and often denied necessities like water.
His original surname was Ambavadekar, reflecting his ancestral village. However, his Brahmin teacher, Krishnaji Keshav Ambedkar, who was fond of him, changed his surname to Ambedkar in the school records.
Education and Support
After completing his matriculation, he attended Elphinstone College in Bombay (now Mumbai), becoming the first from his community to do so.
A significant turning point came when Maharaja Sayajirao Gaikwad III of Baroda recognized his potential and awarded him a scholarship in 1913 to pursue higher studies in the United States at Columbia University.
He excelled at Columbia University, earning his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in Economics.
Further support came from the Maharaja of Kolhapur, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj, who also provided financial assistance for Ambedkar’s further studies in London at the London School of Economics and Gray’s Inn for law.
While the primary financial support for his higher education abroad came from Maharaja Sayajirao Gaikwad and later the Maharaja of Kolhapur, it’s important to note that his initial schooling and progress were also supported by his father’s efforts and as mentioned, the kindness of his teacher Krishnaji Keshav Ambedkar, who gave him his surname. The Mahar community also celebrated his academic achievements, signifying their collective aspiration.
It is crucial to acknowledge the profound impact of caste discrimination Ambedkar faced throughout his early life and education. While individuals like Maharaja Sayajirao Gaikwad and his teacher played a vital role in facilitating his access to education, their support arose in a context of widespread social prejudice that Ambedkar had to constantly overcome. His journey to becoming a towering figure was marked by both the generosity of some and the systemic oppression he fought against.
CHAIRPERSON OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY DRAFTING COMMITTEE
Ambedkar’s appointment to chair the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly, a body dominated by upper-caste members, stands as a significant moment. It demonstrates a willingness to engage with his experience, expertise and vision for marginalised, acknowledging his unique understanding of social inequalities. This act of inclusion contradicts the narrative of a monolithic, anti-Dalit upper caste Hindu Society, suggesting a more nuanced reality.
The Dalit movements and their patriarchs are often seen ranting against RSS and their leadership of being Brahmanical and pro upper caste, but the fact of the matter is- The Rastriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) has also articulated a commitment to eradicating the caste system. There is no caste mention in a Shakha, every senior worker visit home of a SC/ST Swayamsevak each year with family and vis a versa. The approach may differ from Ambedkar’s, the shared goal provides a foundation for potential collaboration. Many Hindu organizations and individuals actively work towards dismantling caste-based discrimination, reflecting a widespread desire for social reform.
Instead of perpetuating divisions, fostering dialogue and cooperation among those working towards a common goal is crucial. By acknowledging the shared objective of abolishing the caste system, we can create space for constructive engagement and build bridges across communities. This approach honours Ambedkar’s vision of a just society while promoting unity and harmony.
Today a group of ST community is seen showing affiliation towards Muslims but what Dr Ambedkar had expressed about Islam and Christianity is evident of what they are doing today in Bengal.
Ambedkar’s concerns about Islam and Christianity, particularly regarding their potential impact on national loyalty, should be understood within the context of his time. He expressed reservations about the concept of brotherhood being limited to Muslim males in Islam and criticized Christianity’s perceived unscientific fervour. His decision to embrace Buddhism stemmed from his belief that it shared same ethos of inward path to liberation of soul rooted in Indian soil, without the hierarchical structures he found problematic in other religions.
His ultimate conversion to Buddhism was driven by his desire for a path that promoted equality and social justice within the Indian context. Ambedkar sought a spiritual framework that aligned with his vision of a unified and equitable nation.
It’s vital to remember that Ambedkar’s primary focus was on achieving social justice and equality within India. His concerns about potential divisions were rooted in his deep commitment to national unity. By emphasizing shared goals and promoting dialogue, we can work towards a society where all citizens feel a sense of belonging and equality.
Rather than focusing on past grievances and quarrelling, we should channel our energy into strengthening the efforts of individuals and organizations working towards social harmony. This requires acknowledging the progress made while recognizing the ongoing challenges. By fostering a spirit of collaboration, we can create a society where Ambedkar’s vision of equality becomes a reality.
By acknowledging the positive actions and shared goals of various groups, we can move towards a more inclusive and harmonious society, honouring Ambedkar’s legacy by building a future where all citizens are treated with dignity and respect would be a great tribute to his hardship and wish.
Gopal Goswami, Ph. D is a Researcher, Columnist and Social Worker
