Hannah, now 8 years old, has struggled with Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) since she was 7. Unlike anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, ARFID isn’t about body image but about severe anxiety and restrictions around food. It began when she refused to switch from formula to solid foods, leading to a diet focused on specific items like small packs of green sour cream and onion Pringles.
ARFID was added to the DSM-5 in 2013 and affects between 0.5% to 5% of people, often starting in childhood and continuing into adulthood without treatment. People with ARFID limit their food intake due to sensory issues such as taste, texture, or brand preferences. This disorder can cause nutritional deficiencies and slowed growth, as seen when Hannah’s growth delayed due to not eating enough.
Treatment for ARFID usually involves therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which helps gradually introduce new foods and reduce anxiety about eating. Starting treatment early is key to preventing the list of avoided foods from getting longer. Families can assist by ensuring the child gets enough calories and using methods like timers or “food chaining” to introduce new foods alongside familiar ones.
Socially, ARFID can lead to feelings of isolation, especially in social situations with unfamiliar foods. This anxiety can affect overall well-being, underscoring the need for support and understanding from family and caregivers. It’s important to approach meals with empathy rather than frustration, as pushing or punishing a child with ARFID can worsen their condition.
After five months of treatment, Hannah has made progress. She’s more open to trying new foods and has added more foods to her safe list. Her journey highlights the slow process of recovering from ARFID, preparing her to manage food challenges as she grows.
While ARFID receives less attention and research compared to other eating disorders, raising awareness and starting treatment early can greatly improve outcomes. Providing support with empathy and personalized therapies is crucial for individuals like Hannah to overcome ARFID’s challenges effectively.