Romance scams have created emotional and financial trauma in manyacross Australia as fraudsters pretend to be someone else and rip offmoney from them. In 2023, these scams cost Australians A$201 million.
However, the financial losses are often much less than the emotional toll that victims, especially those with acquired brain injuries, suffer. This is an emerging issue that has caused concern among researchers and clinicians, especially as certain vulnerable groups, such as individuals with brain injuries, face unique challenges in recognizing and avoiding these scams.
Romance scams typically involve a scammer who forms a fake, emotionally charged relationship with the target. Scammers often connect through online dating platforms, social media, and even gaming or shopping sites. They build trust and affection through manipulative tactics, such as “love bombing” (excessive declarations of love), grooming, and creating a false sense of intimacy. The scammer’s identity may appear attractive and trustworthy, often using stolen or AI-generated photos, and they fabricate elaborate life stories to maintain the illusion.
Victims of these scams, particularly those with brain injuries, often find themselves caught in a web of manipulation. Scammers frequently make enticing promises, such as requesting money to cover emergency expenses, international trips, or investment opportunities. As one survivor explained, the scammers’ persistent affection and promises of a future together made it difficult to resist sending money.
Acquired brain injuries, caused by incidents like car accidents or strokes, affect about one in 45 Australians. These injuries can impair cognitive abilities such as memory, decision-making, and processing information. Individuals with brain injuries may struggle to recognize warning signs of scams or have difficulty understanding complex or new information, leaving them at a higher risk of being exploited.
The emotional impact of a brain injury can also make these individuals more susceptible to scammers. People with brain injuries often experience loneliness and isolation, which scammers prey on by offering constant attention, affection, and praise. The ability to make sound judgments may also be compromised, making it harder to avoid falling for deceptive schemes.
The emotional fallout from falling victim to a romance scam is often severe. People with acquired brain injuries may experience shame and embarrassment, both for being deceived and for their difficulties in recognizing the scam. Additionally, when the fraud is uncovered, victims may face judgment or ridicule from friends, family, and even authorities, which can exacerbate their emotional distress.
A clinician working with individuals with brain injuries noted that the shame doesn’t stem solely from being scammed but also from how others perceive their actions. Victims often feel misunderstood and alienated, further compounding their emotional pain. This emotional toll is one of the reasons why scams involving vulnerable populations are underreported.
In response to this growing problem, researchers have launched a project aimed at raising awareness about romance scams among people with brain injuries. This initiative, led by the CyberAbility project, co-designed resources with people who have experienced both brain injuries and scams. These individuals, known as “Scambassadors,” play a vital role in community education, speaking to the public about recognizing scams and providing emotional support to victims.
The project emphasizes the importance of normalizing discussions about scams to reduce stigma. Victims are encouraged to share their experiences and seek support without fear of judgment. In turn, this approach helps others learn to spot warning signs of scams and empowers them to protect themselves and loved ones from falling victim to similar frauds.
There are several signs to watch out for if you suspect someone you know is being scammed. These include:
The key to tackling the issue of romance scams is to approach the situation with care, patience, and a lack of judgment. Conversations about potential scams should be handled delicately, and those who have fallen victim to scams should be supported in their healing journey. Sharing personal experiences of scams can help reduce stigma and provide valuable insights to others, allowing the community to grow stronger and more informed.
While the fault for these scams lies squarely with the criminals who perpetrate them, education and awareness are vital tools in protecting vulnerable individuals from falling prey to online fraud. Through initiatives like the CyberAbility project, we can help reduce the stigma around scam victims, provide much-needed support, and empower people with brain injuries to make safer decisions online.
By opening up the conversation and providing support, we can protect vulnerable individuals and work towards eliminating the emotional and financial harm caused by romance scams.
