The Impact of Academic Pressure on Students' Mental Health

The educational paradigm in India is commonly known as a “pressure-cooker” system, marked by the prevalence of rote learning methods and the consistent imposition of lofty academic expectations on students from a young age. From the outset, youngsters are instilled with the belief that achieving excellence in academics is a fundamental requirement for success in life, fostering an enduring obligation to strive for scholastic brilliance. Importantly, it is imperative to acknowledge that the stress emanating from these educational dynamics is not limited to India alone; millions of students globally contend with heightened stress and anxiety due to the formidable academic demands placed upon them.

A survey conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) underscores the profound psychological, emotional, and behavioral ramifications experienced by approximately 13% of Indian students due to the prevailing academic pressure. This issue has been vividly portrayed in mainstream movies such as “Taare Zameen Par” and “3 Idiots,” shedding light on the adverse effects of such pressure on school and college students. In society, academic success frequently assumes an elevated position, placing an undue emphasis on scholarly achievement, with potential adverse effects on the mental and emotional well-being of students. Child specialists articulate academic pressure as the amalgamation of tension, discomfort, and other emotional responses engendered by the expectations emanating from school, family, and broader society throughout the educational journey. Academic pressure is a complex issue that manifests in various ways. It can be self-imposed, originating from personal expectations or ambitions, or externally enforced by educational institutions, parents, and peers.

Factors contributing to academic pressure include the need to maintain high grades, excel in standardized tests, complete challenging coursework, and secure a promising future through education. As per a study, 63.5% of Indian students reported stress due to academic pressure, whereas 66% feel pressured by their parents for better academic performance. Another study shed light on examination-related fear and found that more than 81% of students fear exams.

The above data draws attention to the increasing need for focus on the mental well-being of students. With this ongoing trend, it becomes quintessential to understand the negative consequences of academic pressure. The following are the majorly reported issues due to academic pressure.

• Anxiety and Stress: According to a report by the World Health Organization in 2023, instances of depression and anxiety have been on the rise among young adults aged 18 to 25. A prominent consequence of academic pressure is the discernible escalation in anxiety and stress levels among students. The apprehension of failure, the prospect of disappointing others, or not meeting expectations can prove overwhelming, manifesting in symptoms such as disruptions in sleep patterns, heightened irritability, and persistent worry.
• Depression: Students under prolonged academic pressure are susceptible to depression. The constant feeling of inadequacy and the inability to meet the relentless demands can lead to a deep sense of hopelessness and despair.
• Burnout: Mental health and academic performance are interrelated. When students are unable to cope with mounting pressure, they begin to burn out. This escalation happens due to academic stress, culminating in both emotional and physical exhaustion, coupled with heightened anxiety.
• Obsessiveness: Academic pressure can foster perfectionism, where students believe they must achieve flawless results. This unrealistic expectation can lead to chronic dissatisfaction and self-criticism.
• Physical Health Implications: The prolonged exposure to academic pressure can manifest in various physical health issues, including headaches, stomach aches, and disruptions in sleep patterns. Prioritizing academic pursuits at the expense of one’s health can contribute to a compromised immune system.

Addressing the Issue of Mental Health Illness

1. Rethink Academic Expectations: It is a known fact that just because you may have academically done well in life,that guarantees success. Educational institutions should reconsider their approach to grading and assessment, focusing on holistic learning rather than a narrow emphasis on grades. Fostering creativity and critical thinking can alleviate some of the academic pressure.
2. Supportive Environment: Educators and parents play a pivotal role in creating a supportive environment for students. Facilitating transparent communication and recognizing the significance of well-being in conjunction with academic accomplishments can yield a substantial impact.
3. Promote Extracurricular Involvement: Encourage students to actively engage in extracurricular activities to cultivate a well-rounded educational experience, enabling them to explore and nurture their interests.
4. Access Professional Support: In instances where students grapple with severe mental health challenges stemming from academic pressures, seeking professional assistance becomes imperative. Educational institutions should proactively provide counseling services, while parents should remain vigilant in securing aid when necessary.

Valuable insights can be gleaned from Finland’s esteemed education system, widely regarded as one of the world’s best. Emphasizing cooperation over competition, eschewing standardized testing, prioritizing fundamental skills, and cultivating a more relaxed academic environment collectively contribute to the pursuit of excellence while mitigating academic pressures.

Dr Taranjeet

Professor & Dean 

School of Behavioral &Social Sciences

Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies