Recent research has revealed that individuals with autism spectrum disorder experience deeper levels of loneliness, challenging the misconception that they avoid forming meaningful social connections. Loneliness, which can negatively affect physical and mental health in both neurotypical and neurodivergent individuals, is reported at rates up to four times higher among those with autism, rendering them more vulnerable to the adverse consequences of isolation.
A study published in the journal Autism in Adulthood delved into the experiences of autistic individuals, assessing the extent of distress associated with loneliness and offering a qualitative perspective on the subject. Dr. Gemma Williams, a public health research officer in the School of Health and Social Care, was among the authors of the study. The quantitative findings indicated that sensory differences were linked to heightened loneliness and poor mental health in both autistic and non-autistic adults. This effect was particularly pronounced in autistic adults due to their higher prevalence of sensory processing differences.
For the qualitative part of the study, she collated first-hand reports from autistic adults on intense loneliness and the obstructive role of sensory environments, which refute stereotypes about autistic adults lacking social motivation.
Participants pointed out that sensory environments often act as barriers to social interaction. In a cost-of-living crisis, the financial barriers to participating in activities are exacerbated for autistic individuals, who commonly face financial inequalities due to limited job opportunities, inadequate support, and restricted access to benefits.
This research underscores that loneliness significantly correlates with distress and poor mental health in both autistic and non-autistic adults. The sensory differences experienced by autistic individuals in an environment that often fails to accommodate their sensory needs can contribute to their isolation and resultant loneliness. To facilitate more inclusive social interaction, it is crucial for society to create spaces that consider the sensory requirements of all individuals, as noted by Dr. Williams.
“Our research highlighted how painfully lonely is often experienced by autistic adults,” Dr. Williams said in reference to these findings. We conclude that a genuine societal effort is required to create spaces that consider the sensory needs of all neurotypes in order to enable meaningful and inclusive social interaction.”