Five years after the devastating fire at Paris’ Notre Dame Cathedral, investigations remain inconclusive about the exact cause. The blaze, which destroyed the cathedral’s spire, roof, clock, and parts of its stone vault, was likely accidental, according to lead investigator Paris Chief Prosecutor Laure Beccuau. While theories such as an electrical fault or a smoldering cigarette butt were initially proposed, no solid evidence has emerged to suggest arson.
The investigation, which involved detailed forensic analyses and technical assessments of cathedral debris and infrastructure, is now concluding. Beccuau confirmed the creation of a 3D simulation based on footage of the fire, aimed at evaluating the various theories about the blaze’s origin. The simulation is expected to aid in understanding how the fire began and whether any specific failures contributed to its spread. Despite intensive efforts, prosecutors stated that no charges have been filed.
In the aftermath of the fire, some safety shortcomings were identified, including issues with the cathedral’s alarm system and electrical wiring, though these were not considered the fire’s initial cause. Nevertheless, they likely facilitated the rapid spread of the flames, exacerbating the damage to the 850-year-old landmark.
A separate investigation is underway to assess potential health impacts from the extensive lead contamination caused by the fire. The cathedral’s roof and spire were covered in approximately 400 tonnes of lead, which vaporized and potentially settled in nearby areas, raising concerns over public health. A 2022 criminal complaint by a health association, a union, and local parents alleges insufficient lead containment efforts by authorities.
With the Notre Dame reopening ceremony scheduled for December 7, its bells rang out this past Friday for the first time since the fire, signaling the cathedral’s readiness to welcome visitors again. The investigation may yet reveal further insights, though for now, the cathedral’s tragic fire remains a mystery, leaving unanswered questions for both officials and the public.
