China’s third aircraft carrier, named Fujian after the province opposite Taiwan, signifies a significant technological advancement compared to the People’s Liberation Army Navy’s (PLAN) first two carriers.
Larger in size and equipped with multiple catapults instead of a ski jump ramp like the Liaoning and Shandong carriers, this new Type 003 carrier will support a larger and more capable fleet of shipborne aircraft.
With this addition, China’s aircraft carrier fleet will become the world’s second-largest, trailing only the USA’s eleven active carriers. This development prompts speculation about China’s intentions regarding the number of carriers it aims to field.
Collin Koh, Senior Fellow at the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies at Singapore’s S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, suggested, “Past reports, not all substantiated, put Chinese intentions to build at least six carriers, and perhaps up to eight.” He further explained that until the PLAN gains expertise in carrier operations, it will likely aim for six carriers, enabling two carriers to be at sea simultaneously while the others undergo maintenance.
The construction of Fujian, carried out by the Jiangnan Shipyard, commenced in March 2017 and involved assembling blocks at a dry dock in May 2020. Although the COVID-19 pandemic likely caused delays, Fujian embarked on her maiden voyage earlier this month after being launched in June 2022.
During sea trials, Fujian tested its propulsion and electrical systems, with additional trials planned in the future. Notably, Fujian boasts an electromagnetic aircraft launch system (EMALS), a technological leap forward compared to traditional catapults.
Analysts estimate Fujian’s displacement to exceed 80,000 tonnes, making her comparable in size to the US Navy’s now-retired Kitty Hawk-class carriers. Equipped with combined gas and diesel drive/integrated electric propulsion, Fujian is expected to require a crew of at least 2,000 sailors and 1,000 aircrews.
The carrier’s configuration includes two aircraft elevators, three catapults, and four arrestor cables on the flight deck. Additionally, it features close-in weapon systems and short-range air defense missiles for protection.
As Fujian nears commissioning, the PLAN faces challenges in personnel training and recruitment, which may hinder rapid expansion of its carrier force. However, the inclusion of female pilots and development of new aircraft signal China’s commitment to enhancing its naval capabilities.
Admiral Yuan Huazhi emphasized the carriers’ role in safeguarding national sovereignty and territorial integrity, reflecting China’s ambition to establish a blue-water navy capable of projecting power globally. With the Type 003 carrier, China solidifies its position as a major naval power, challenging the traditional dominance of the US Navy in the Western Pacific.