A new study by the American Cancer Society has raised concerns about the increasing cancer risk among Generation X and millennials compared to previous generations. Here are the key findings:
1. Increased Risk for Younger Generations:
Data from nearly 24 million cancer patients over 20 years reveal that people born in 1990 are two to three times more likely to develop certain cancers, such as those of the small intestine, thyroid, kidney, and pancreas, compared to those born in 1955. This trend includes cancers becoming more common at younger ages.
2. Changing Lifestyle Factors:
Obesity and Diet: Poor diet and rising obesity rates, which are linked to several cancers, are likely contributing factors. Obesity, especially from a young age, is associated with an increased cancer risk.
Ultra-Processed Foods: Increased consumption of ultra-processed foods has been linked to higher cancer rates.
Binge Drinking: Higher rates of binge drinking, particularly among millennial women, are associated with an increase in liver and esophageal cancers.
3. Behavioral Trends:
HIV and HPV: Rising rates of HIV infection are linked to increases in Kaposi’s sarcoma and anal cancer, while HPV infection is a major cause of anal cancer. However, the introduction of HPV vaccines has led to a significant decrease in cervical cancer rates for women born in the 1990s.
4. Decreasing Risk for Some Cancers:
Lung Cancer: There has been a notable decline in lung cancer risk among younger generations, likely due to successful anti-smoking campaigns.
Melanoma: Similar progress is observed for melanoma, with younger generations showing reduced risk.
5. Need for Further Research:
While lifestyle and behavioural changes can explain some trends, the study notes that other increases, such as those in leukaemia, require further investigation to understand underlying causes and develop effective prevention strategies.
Overall, the study underscores the need for continued public health efforts to address rising cancer risks through lifestyle changes and preventative measures.