The M23 rebel group, which allegedly receives support from Rwanda, on Friday took control of the strategic city of Goma in eastern Congo, the UN said. The capture is a worrisome gain by the group that is now one of the most powerful among over 100 armed factions vying for control in the resource-rich eastern part of Congo.
UN’s human rights office has expressed alarm over a sharp rise in human rights attributed to the M23. There was reported summary execution of at least 12 people by the rebels between January 26 and 28. Cases of sexual violence, including gang rapes, have also been reported to be committed both by Congolese military and pro-government groups. Further allegations against the M23 include the occupation of schools and hospitals and the use of civilians for forced labour and conscription.
UN experts believe that the M23 is supported by approximately 4,000 Rwandan troops, a more powerful force than when they first occupied Goma in 2012. This armed group remains one of the principal actors in the ongoing conflict that has fed ethnic tensions and destabilized the region.
While the Congolese forces have been able to repel some of the rebel attacks, the country’s military has been significantly weakened, especially after losing several personnel to the M23 following Goma’s fall. In response, President Félix Tshisekedi has called for mass mobilization, prompting hundreds of young people to volunteer for military training.
The residents of Goma are facing extreme shortages of basic needs, with water and electricity cut off as the fighting continues. The M23 has promised to restore these services, but the city remains in chaos as the violence escalates.
