Stricter Chinese control in Tibet has significantly reduced the number of Tibetans escaping to India. In 2024, only eight Tibetans reached Dharamshala, a sharp drop compared to over 40 in 2023 and 3,000 annually between the 1990s and 2008.
Sikyong Penpa Tsering, President of the Tibetan government-in-exile, attributed the decline to heightened Chinese control post-2008. “Since the 2008 uprising, control over Tibet has intensified, and this has impacted migration severely,” Tsering said.
Impact on Tibetan Communities and Schools
The reduced influx has left the Tibetan Reception Centre in Khaniyara village largely vacant and significantly affected Tibetan Children’s Village (TCV) schools in exile. Some schools reported no new admissions last year, with one in Dharamshala on the verge of closure.
“Fewer children in Tibet now, due to smaller family sizes, have also contributed to the declining numbers. Earlier, families could have more children, some of whom joined monasteries or cared for their parents,” Tsering explained.
Preserving Cultural Identity Amid Challenges
The dispersal of the Tibetan diaspora poses challenges to preserving their cultural identity. Compact Tibetan communities established in India since 1959, under the guidance of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, have played a critical role in safeguarding Tibetan language, arts, and traditions.
“Our objective now is to repopulate these compact communities, a program called ‘building back compact communities,’ to bring Tibetans back to the settlements,” Tsering said.
New Initiatives in Western Countries
Efforts are underway in North America, Europe, and Australia to establish new Tibetan compact communities. A project in Manasota, for instance, aims to acquire 80 acres of land to house 300 families. Plans for a Tibetan charter school are also in motion.
“Over the past 30 years, many Tibetans in the United States have established themselves, buying homes and securing their future. These new initiatives could set an example for other Tibetan communities worldwide,” Tsering remarked.
Looking Ahead
While migration to India has become rare, the Tibetan diaspora continues to adapt and grow globally. Initiatives to create new ecosystems in the free world offer hope for cultural preservation and community strengthening.
