Why is Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) a distinct Neurological Challenge for Women?

Stiff Person Syndrome is a neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system. It is caused by an autoimmune response, where the body’s immune system attacks the neurons responsible for controlling muscle movement. This results in progressive muscle stiffness and spasms, which can occur spontaneously or be triggered by external stimuli such as noise, touch, or emotional stress.

Hormonal differences between men and women may play a role in the development of SPS.Estrogen, a hormone found in higher levels in women, can affect the immune system and increase the risk of autoimmune diseases which may be the reason why women are more susceptible to SPS. Exposure to certain toxins or infections may also trigger an autoimmune response in susceptible individuals.

Symptoms:
The symptoms of SPS can vary from person to person but typically include muscle stiffness and spasms in the trunk, arms, and legs. These spasms can be so severe that they cause the affected person to fall or lose their balance. Other symptoms may include difficulty walking, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances.

Treatment for SPS:
1. Medication- Immunosuppressants and muscle relaxants, are commonly prescribed to manage symptoms of SPS. These medications help alleviate muscle stiffness and spasms by modulating the immune response and relaxing the muscles.
2. Physical Therapy-An important component of SPS management involves physical therapy. Physical therapists work with individuals to improve mobility, enhance flexibility, and address specific muscle-related challenges associated with SPS.
3. Maintaining a Healthy Diet- Eating a healthy diet is essential for overall well-being. A balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can provide the body with the nutrients, vitamins, and minerals thatsupport our immune system and general health.
4. Regular Exercises- Engaging in regular exercise can help maintain joint flexibility and muscle strength. Low-impact exercises such as walking, swimming, or yoga can be beneficial for people with SPS.
5. Stress and Sleep Management-Stress and poor sleep can worsen SPS symptoms. Managing stress through techniques like meditation, deep breathing, or yoga can help reduce anxiety and improve sleep quality. Good sleep hygiene habits such as avoiding caffeine and electronics before bedtime, maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, and creating a comfortable sleep environment can also improve sleep quality.
SPS is influenced by genetic factors, contributing to an increased susceptibility in women.Hormones, especially those related to the female reproductive system, significantly impact the prevalence and severity of SPS in women.SPS is characterized by an autoimmune component, wherein the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s tissues, adding an extra layer to the neurological challenge for women.

The author is the Senior Consultant- Neurosurgery at Manipal Hospital Gurugram.