Indo-Pak Wars and Conflicts: A Historical Journey (1947–2025)

May 04, 2025 Komal Das Plus

Pahalgam Terror Attack: On April 22, 2025, 26 tourists were killed in a terrorist attack, escalating tensions between India and Pakistan

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India's Countermeasures: India suspended the Indus Waters Treaty, closed the Attari-Wagah border, and downgraded diplomatic ties with Pakistan

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Pakistan's Retaliation: Pakistan secured its airspace and borders, threatening to withdraw from bilateral agreements

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Historical Background: India and Pakistan have had a turbulent relationship since 1947, marked by wars, standoffs, and border conflicts

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First Indo-Pak War (1947–48): Pakistan-backed militias invaded Kashmir, leading to a ceasefire and the establishment of the Line of Control

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Second Indo-Pak War (1965): Pakistan launched Operation Gibraltar to incite rebellion in Kashmir, resulting in a 17-day war and a return to the status quo

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Indo-Pak War of 1971: India intervened during the Bangladesh Liberation Movement, leading to the creation of Bangladesh and Pakistan's defeat

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Kargil War (1999): Pakistani forces infiltrated Indian territory in Kargil; India’s Operation Vijay reclaimed positions, leading to Pakistan's withdrawal under international pressure

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Siachen Glacier Conflict (1984–2003): India launched Operation Meghdoot to preempt Pakistani control over the Siachen Glacier, leading to nearly two decades of conflict

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2001–2002 India-Pakistan Standoff: Following the Indian Parliament attack, India mobilized troops along the border in Operation Parakram, escalating tensions

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2008 Mumbai Attacks: Pakistani-based terror group Lashkar-e-Taiba attacked Mumbai, killing over 170 people, further souring India-Pakistan relations

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2016 Uri Attack and Surgical Strikes: After a terrorist attack on an Indian Army camp, India launched surgical strikes across the LoC targeting terrorist camps in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir

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2019 Pulwama Attack and Balakot Airstrikes: A suicide bomber killed 40 Indian CRPF personnel, and India retaliated with airstrikes on Balakot. Pakistan responded with its own air raids

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Current Standoff: Pahalgam Terror Attack (2025): The 2025 Pahalgam attack has triggered a volatile situation, with both India and Pakistan on high alert

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