There is a deep and intrinsic connection between nature and life, and this bond becomes even more significant when we talk about biodiversity. Observed every year on May 22, the International Day for Biological Diversity not only reminds us of our environmental responsibilities but also reflects the direction in which our sensitivity towards nature is evolving. This year’s theme is “Harmony with Nature and Sustainable Development.” India, one of the world’s 17 megadiverse countries, boasts a rich and proud legacy in terms of biodiversity.
From the icy peaks of the Himalayas to the lush greenery of the Western Ghats and the marine coasts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India’s landscapes shelter thousands of species and nourish life in diverse forms. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, environmental policies have moved beyond bureaucratic boundaries and transformed into people’s movements.
Campaigns like “One Tree for Mother” and the LiFE Mission (Lifestyle for Environment) are vivid examples that show how a lifestyle aligned with nature can lead to the organic conservation of biodiversity. Through his “Mann Ki Baat” program, Prime Minister Modi has repeatedly emphasized the importance of wildlife, the climate crisis, and nature, thereby connecting with the public on these crucial issues. India is the world’s largest tiger range country. Over 70% of the world’s tigers live in India—a matter of immense national pride. In 2014, the tiger population stood at 2,226, which increased to 3,682 in 2023. More than 60% of wild Asian elephants are also found in India, making it the largest range country for Asian elephants. India’s wild elephant population has reached 29,964, reflecting successful conservation efforts.
There are 33 elephant reserves spread across 14 states, covering an area of 80,777 sq km. India is the only country in the world with a wild population of Asiatic lions. According to the latest lion census conducted in May 2024, Gujarat now has 891 lions, up from 674 in 2020—a remarkable increase of 217. As of 2022, the UNESCO World Heritage Site Kaziranga National Park is home to 2,613 greater one-horned rhinoceroses, representing approximately 68% of the global population of this species.
This highlights Assam’s significant role in global conservation. India now has 89 Ramsar sites, and the continuous rise in these wetland areas underscores India’s firm commitment to both conservation and ecological enrichment. Under the visionary leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, India has witnessed positive and impactful changes in the fields of environment and wildlife conservation, garnering international appreciation. It is gratifying to note that in the past 11 years, the Modi government has successfully addressed a long-standing public indifference toward wildlife protection through clear intentions and dedicated action.
Today, there is a growing curiosity among people to learn about nature and wildlife. For us, nature and the environment are not just resources—they are embodiments of spirituality and sensitivity. Over the past decade, India has created remarkable examples in wildlife conservation, significantly contributing to biodiversity.
The success of initiatives like Project Tiger, Elephant, Lion, and Leopard, alongside efforts to protect other terrestrial and aquatic species, has inspired the world. The reintroduction of cheetahs in India in 2022—after independence— was a historic and proud moment for the country, receiving global acclaim. The cheetah population is now steadily growing. Since 2014, the central government has consistently worked to bridge the gap between forests and human life. Strengthening biodiversity is essential for human survival, and Prime Minister Modi’s unwavering commitment to this cause is evident. Protecting nature and the environment is crucial to securing our future.
This vision of Prime Minister Modi is driving India towards rapid growth in both the economy and environmental conservation in the 21st century. India’s biodiversity is not just an ecological asset—it is deeply interwoven with our economic, cultural, and spiritual identity.
The traditional knowledge of forest-dwelling communities, the diversity of indigenous crops, and the abundance of medicinal plants all contribute to India’s biological strength. However, climate change, unchecked urbanization, and overexploitation of natural resources now threaten the existence of many species. In response, we must raise awareness, actively protect wetlands and wildlife, empower Biodiversity Management Committees in villages and cities, integrate environmental education in schools, and nurture citizens as true “partners of nature.”
During its G-20 presidency, India reiterated its commitment to environmental protection through the mantra “One Earth, One Family, One Future.” Now is the time to transform this vision into a personal mission. We must understand that biodiversity conservation is not just about protecting ecosystems—it is about safeguarding human existence. And for that, collective action is essential. Author is Senior Media Advisor to the Union Minister of State for External Affairs, and Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
