Measles, a highly contagious viral disease, has made its first appearance in Vermont in 2025. The Vermont Department of Health confirmed on March 10 that a school-aged child in Lamoille County had tested positive for the virus. This case, however, is not connected to the ongoing measles outbreaks in the United States or the recent outbreak in Quebec.

The Case in Vermont: A Low Public Risk

The affected child had recently traveled internationally with their family before developing symptoms. Upon diagnosis, the child was promptly isolated to prevent the spread of the virus. Officials have assured the public that the risk of widespread exposure remains low.

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The only confirmed site of possible exposure was Copley Hospital in Morrisville, where the child was evaluated on March 9. Hospital staff have already reached out to individuals who may have been exposed in the emergency department between 3:15 PM and 6:00 PM on that day.

Although Vermont has reported sporadic cases of measles in the past—two in 2024 and only two other cases in the past decade—this year’s case highlights the continued need for vigilance in preventing the spread of the disease.

Understanding Measles: Symptoms, Risks, and Spread

Measles is caused by the Measles Morbillivirus and spreads through respiratory droplets from infected individuals. It is one of the most contagious diseases, capable of infecting 90% of unvaccinated individuals who come into close contact with an infected person.

Common Symptoms of Measles

  • High fever (may reach 104°F or higher)
  • Persistent cough
  • Runny nose and red, watery eyes
  • Koplik’s spots—tiny white spots inside the mouth
  • Characteristic rash that spreads from the face downward

Symptoms typically appear 10 to 14 days after exposure, and an infected person can spread the virus up to four days before and after the rash appears.

Potential Complications

Measles can cause serious health issues, especially in young children and immunocompromised individuals. Some common complications include:

  • Ear infections (which can lead to permanent hearing loss)
  • Pneumonia, the most common cause of measles-related deaths
  • Encephalitis (brain swelling), which can result in brain damage
  • Pregnancy complications, including preterm birth and low birth weight

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one in five unvaccinated individuals with measles in the U.S. require hospitalization.

The Current Measles Situation in the U.S.

Although Vermont’s case is isolated, the United States is experiencing an uptick in measles cases in 2025. Health officials are particularly concerned because vaccination rates in some communities have dropped in recent years.

Several outbreaks have been reported in different states, with Texas facing a vaccine shortage and New Mexico recently reporting a measles-related death in an unvaccinated adult.

Measles was officially declared eliminated in the U.S. in 2000, thanks to widespread vaccinations. However, declining immunization rates have allowed the virus to make a comeback.

Vaccination: The Best Defense Against Measles

The Vermont Department of Health is urging families, especially those with young children, to ensure they are up to date on their measles vaccinations.

The MMR Vaccine: How It Protects Against Measles

The Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine is the most effective way to prevent measles. According to health experts:

  • One dose is 93% effective at preventing measles.
  • Two doses are 97% effective and provide lifelong immunity.

Who Should Get Vaccinated?

  • Children should receive two doses: the first at 12-15 months old and the second at 4-6 years old.
  • Adults who have never been vaccinated should receive at least one dose.
  • Individuals traveling internationally should ensure they are fully vaccinated before their trip.

How to Stay Safe During Measles Outbreaks

While Vermont’s case is not considered an outbreak, the rise in measles cases across the U.S. makes it essential to take precautions.

Steps to Protect Yourself and Others

  1. Get vaccinated: The MMR vaccine is the best defense against measles.
  2. Avoid exposure: If you suspect someone has measles, maintain distance and seek medical advice.
  3. Practice good hygiene: Wash hands frequently and avoid touching your face.
  4. Seek medical attention if symptoms appear: Early diagnosis helps prevent complications and further transmission.

The Importance of Vigilance

The confirmation of Vermont’s first measles case in 2025 serves as a reminder that vaccine-preventable diseases can resurface when immunization rates drop. While the immediate risk to the public is low, ensuring high vaccination coverage is essential to keeping measles at bay.

With ongoing measles outbreaks in the U.S. and vaccine shortages in some regions, health experts continue to emphasize the importance of timely vaccinations. By staying informed, vaccinated, and cautious, individuals can help prevent further spread and protect vulnerable populations from this highly contagious disease.