WHO Calls for Deinstitutionalization of Mental Health Care, Shift to Community-Based Mental Health Care

The World Health Organization (WHO) in the South-East Asia Region urged countries to prioritize the shift from long-stay institutional mental health services to community-based care. This move aims to ensure accessibility, equity, and the elimination of stigma, while offering affected individuals opportunities for a productive life, as stated in an official release.

Saima Wazed, Regional Director of WHO South-East Asia, emphasized the benefits of transitioning from long-stay tertiary psychiatric institutions to community-based care. This shift fosters easier access to help without fear of judgment, promotes personal autonomy, improves quality of life, and offers personalized care options. Additionally, community-based settings provide opportunities for independence, social engagement, and vocational activities, which significantly enhance overall well-being.

Statistics reveal that approximately 13.7 percent of the region’s population suffers from mental health conditions, with a staggering 95 percent treatment gap. More than 200,000 people die by suicide annually, and individuals with severe mental disorders face a reduced lifespan of 10 to 20 years. Despite these challenges, mental health investment remains notably low across the region.

Wazed presented a report titled ‘Deinstitutionalisation of people with mental health conditions in WHO South-East Asia Region,’ offering adaptable recommendations to local contexts. She expressed hope that this report would catalyze change, ensuring every individual leads a life of dignity, purpose, and fulfillment.

Long-stay mental health institutions are often characterized by ineffective treatment, segregation, poor living conditions, and overcrowding. The transition to community-based care is driven by an evolving understanding of mental health, advances in treatments, and recognition of human rights.

Historically, mental health care has been synonymous with institutionalization, but evolving understanding necessitates a shift in care methods. The Paro Declaration and the Regional Action Plan for Mental Health emphasize the importance of community-based services.

Community-based care not only improves efficiency but also enables early identification of mental health concerns, reducing the need for crisis intervention. Moreover, it fosters better outcomes, reduces the treatment gap, and increases coverage.

Successful deinstitutionalization requires careful planning, collaboration, financial resources, and continuous monitoring. Adequate community resources, training programs for professionals and community members, and supportive environments are essential for a smooth transition.

The regional meeting in Bangkok, Thailand, will deliberate on the challenges and the way forward for deinstitutionalization, aiming for improved mental health outcomes, enhanced social integration, and human rights.