The recent helicopter crash that claimed the life of Iran President Ebrahim Raisi highlights the dire condition of many aircraft operating in the Islamic Republic, exacerbated by nearly five decades of US sanctions.
Ageing Aircraft Fleet
Iran has faced severe limitations in purchasing new aircraft or aircraft components from US or European suppliers since the 1979 revolution. As a result, both military and civilian operators in Iran rely on ageing vehicles and lack access to major manufacturers like Boeing Co. and Airbus SE.
Outdated Models Still in Operation
Iranian airlines continue to operate some of the oldest aircraft globally, with an average fleet age surpassing 25 years. Notably, some domestic services still utilize models that have long been retired elsewhere, including the McDonnell Douglas MD-83 and Airbus A300 and A310.
Example: Bell 212 Helicopter
The Bell 212 helicopter involved in President Raisi’s crash exemplifies the antiquity of Iran’s aircraft fleet. This US model, introduced in 1968 and discontinued in 1998, underscores the challenges faced by Iranian aviation due to limited access to modern aircraft technology.
Failed Efforts for Fleet Upgrades
Efforts to upgrade Iran’s aircraft fleet, such as Germany’s plans following the 2015 nuclear accord, were hindered by the collapse of the agreement during the Trump administration. As a result, Iran remains dependent on outdated aircraft models and struggles to access modern aviation technology.
Maintenance Challenges and Limited Resources
Iran’s reliance on ageing aircraft presents maintenance challenges, as engineers must find ways to keep them operational with limited access to new materials. While some supplies may be sourced from Russia and China, Iran lacks access to the most modern technology from the US and Europe.
Tragic Outcome and Environmental Factors
President Raisi’s helicopter crash, occurring during his return from an event on the Azerbaijan border, resulted in the loss of all nine occupants. Dense fog in the region compounded the difficulty of rescue efforts, highlighting the dangerous conditions faced by Iran’s ageing aircraft fleet.