China has announced plans to gradually increase its statutory retirement age over the next five years to address its aging population and the pressures on its pension system. This change comes as life expectancy in China has risen to 78 years, surpassing that of the US, compared to just 36 years in 1949 when the Communist revolution took place.
Current Retirement Ages and Proposed Changes
China’s current retirement age is among the lowest in the world, set at 60 for men, 55 for women in white-collar jobs, and 50 for working-class women. The plan to raise these retirement ages was included in a series of resolutions adopted at last week’s Third Plenum, a top-level Communist Party meeting held every five years.
Official Statement and Reform Goals
“In line with the principle of voluntary participation with appropriate flexibility, we will advance reform to gradually raise the statutory retirement age in a prudent and orderly manner,” stated the party’s central committee in a key policy document outlining the reforms. Although specific details on the new retirement age and the timeline for implementation were not provided, the China Pension Development Report released at the end of 2023 suggested that 65 years old could be the ultimate target.
Economic and Demographic Context
The move to raise the retirement age has been anticipated for several years as China’s pension budget continues to dwindle. The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences projected in 2019 that the main state pension fund would run out of money by 2035, a prediction made before the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Concurrently, China’s population has declined for the second consecutive year in 2023 due to a falling birth rate.
Public Reaction and Concerns
The state-run Global Times newspaper quoted Chinese demographers who emphasized the importance of “voluntariness” and “flexibility” in the retirement age plan, acknowledging that a one-size-fits-all policy may not be suitable for everyone. Despite this, the plan has faced skepticism on Chinese social media.
Voices from Social Media
On Weibo, a platform similar to X (formerly Twitter), one user expressed concern about the impact on the job market: “Those who wish to retire early are burnt out from their laborious jobs, but those who are in comfortable, lucrative roles will not choose to retire. What kind of jobs will the younger generation end up with?” Another user pointed out the potential delay in accessing pensions: “There is no guarantee that you would still have a job before the statutory retirement age.”
As China moves forward with its plan to raise the retirement age, it must balance the needs of its aging population, the sustainability of its pension system, and the concerns of its workforce. The upcoming reforms will be closely watched both domestically and internationally as China navigates these demographic and economic challenges.