With Canada’s 2025 general elections scheduled for April 28, all eyes are on the tight race between Prime Minister Mark Carney of the Liberal Party and Opposition Leader Pierre Poilievre of the Conservative Party. While the campaign trail is heating up, there are some truly unusual aspects of Canada’s election system that stand out from most democracies around the world.
Here are five surprising facts about the Canadian parliamentary elections you probably didn’t know:
1. Even Prisoners Can Vote
In Canada, all citizens, including convicted criminals and prisoners, have the right to vote. Unlike many countries where only under-trial prisoners or those on bail are allowed to participate, Canada grants full voting rights to inmates — a rare display of inclusive democracy.
2. Two Key Officials Don’t Vote — By Choice or Law
The Chief Electoral Officer, who oversees the entire election process, is constitutionally barred from voting during their 10-year term to maintain strict neutrality. Interestingly, the Governor-General, who represents King Charles III as Canada’s ceremonial head of state, also chooses not to vote — a long-standing tradition to preserve political impartiality.
3. 343 Constituencies — But Only 3 in the Entire North
Canada has increased its number of parliamentary constituencies from 338 in 2021 to 343 in 2025 due to population growth. However, the three northern territories — Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon — continue to have just one seat each. These vast yet sparsely populated regions elect only a single representative each.
4. Voting Card Is Optional at Polls
Canadians receive a voter information card in the mail detailing their polling station and voting time. While helpful, it’s not mandatory to carry this card to vote. Citizens can still cast their ballot by presenting other valid ID — making the process flexible and accessible.
5. Prime Minister Without a Parliament Seat? Yes, It’s Possible
Perhaps the most surprising fact is that Canada’s Prime Minister doesn’t need to be an MP. The current PM, Mark Carney, is not a sitting member of the House of Commons. A former banker with Canada’s Central Bank, 2025 marks the first time Carney is contesting an election. Historical figures like Charles Tupper and John Turner also became PMs without a seat.
In Conclusion
The Canada Election 2025 is not only politically significant but also packed with features that highlight the country’s unique democratic character. From its inclusivity to its traditions, Canada’s approach to governance continues to surprise and inspire. As voters head to the booths, the race between Carney and Poilievre remains one to watch closely.
