The tradition of televised presidential debate in the United States has evolved significantly since its inception in 1960, with changes in management reflecting broader shifts in political strategy and media influence.
Initially, the control of televised debates rested with television networks during the landmark 1960 debates between Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy. These early debates set a precedent but were followed by a 16-year hiatus, during which presidential candidates largely avoided public debates due to perceived drawbacks.
In 1976, debates resumed under the League of Women Voters, although challenges negotiating with candidates led to a shift in management. This culminated in the formation of the Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD) in 1987, a joint effort by the Democratic and Republican parties aimed at overseeing future debates. However, this move sparked criticism for potentially consolidating power among major-party candidates.
Alan Schroeder, an expert on journalism and presidential debates, notes the transition from nonpartisan to bipartisan leadership with the CPD. Critics like Nancy Neuman from the League of Women Voters expressed concerns about the exclusion of third-party candidates under this new framework.
Fast forward to the present day, the 2020 election marked a departure from tradition when President Joe Biden and former President Donald Trump bypassed the CPD, opting instead to negotiate directly with TV networks to host debates. This move signifies a notable shift in power dynamics, emphasizing candidate control over debate logistics.
As viewers anticipate future debates, the evolution of debate management underscores ongoing debates about transparency, inclusivity, and the influence of media in shaping electoral narratives. The upcoming debates between candidates may appear unchanged in format to viewers, but behind the scenes, the balance of power continues to evolve.