The long-standing issue of illicit trafficking of cultural property has impacted many nations, with India being notably affected by the smuggling of its antiquities. During Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s recent visit to the United States, 297 antiquities were handed over to India, bringing the total number of antiquities recovered since 2014 to 640. Of these, 578 artefacts have been returned from the USA alone.
PM Modi’s past visits to the United States have also yielded significant returns of cultural treasures. In 2021, 157 antiquities were handed over, including a remarkable 12th-century bronze Nataraja statue. Additionally, shortly after his 2023 visit, 105 artefacts were returned.
India’s efforts to recover its stolen heritage extend beyond the USA, with 16 items being returned from the UK and 40 from Australia, among others. In contrast, only one artefact was repatriated to India between 2004 and 2013.
In July 2024, India and the United States signed the first-ever ‘Cultural Property Agreement’ during the 46th World Heritage Committee meeting in New Delhi. This agreement aims to curb the illicit trafficking of Indian antiquities to the USA.
The success over the past decade underscores the government’s commitment to reclaiming India’s cultural treasures. PM Modi’s strong personal relationships with global leaders and his proactive approach have been crucial in securing the return of significant artefacts, reinforcing India’s rich cultural identity.